In 15 years I have NEVER had an infertile mouse... not one! Thats 0 infertile in... oh... over 10,000 approximately... would have to get the ledger out for exact numbers. I've also had litters 25+ from fancy mice, which far exceeds my largest "lab mouse" litter of 17. In my experience its the care the mouse receives that causes litter size changes or "infertile" periods. AKA if the store you get them from sucks, they might not breed well and may produce small litters. Also, if a mouse is physically incapable of breeding, for a genetic or health reasons, she will NOT go into estrous, only healthy mice will go into estrous. So if you aren't seeing the signs of estrous (easiest to see is mucous clumps on the bedding) then chances are there is something wrong with your mouse, or it is simply not old enough yet. =) Certain breeds of mice cannot breed until they are almost 3 years old, others breed at 4 months.