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Severe, Persistent Respiratory Infections - Please Help?

snakechaarmer

}:{snakechaarmer}:{
Hi all -

I joined here a few weeks ago with the intention of posting all about this situation here, just now able to sit down and do it. I originally posted this on Fauna Classifieds' Corn Snake Forum and have had a very limited response, so I was referred over here.

I will condense the post with dated additions. Any help, experience, suggestions at this point would be greatly appreciated. If the fungal culture comes back negative, I am probably going to have to euthanize my snakes.

9-6-2010

My vet and I have been battling this together for a while and I figured I would post here and see if anyone else had any clue what might be going on.

First scenario is my 6 year old corn snake female, Sharra. Sharra was perfectly healthy, laid eggs two years in a row with no problems. I moved to a new home and a few months afterward I noticed that Sharra started sneezing. The first thing I did was pull her water dish and move her to a permanent heat mat for a few days. That seemed to make the "sneezes" go away for about a week before they came back...This goes back and forth a few times before I take her to the vet and get a Rx for Baytril. We go through the whole regime of Baytril, she seems better - She has a voracious appetite, there's no wheezing or open mouthed breathing, just some sniffles. She seems better. A few weeks after the Baytril, I hear sneezes again? I take her back to the vet and he does a bacterial culture on her sputum/mouth area. It comes back completely clean, and all other tests are normal. He is not solely a reptile vet, but he is baffled but he thinks maybe she has some kind of sinus problem or is allergic to aspen, and to keep her strictly on newspaper. I have been doing so. The snake is still sneezing, but is otherwise fine. Can snakes have sinus problems!?

About 2 weeks before we took Sharra in for a culture, I had two other corn snakes get sick simultaneously, Argent and Adore. They were no where near Sharra, and as it turns out Sharra apparently is "healthy with sinus problems", there were no other sick snakes in the room, so both of them get very sick simultaneously and it's very weird. Both Argent and Adore are wheezing, sneezing, open gaping mouths, the whole 9 yards. However they are still eating voraciously. I put them on full time heat pads, switch to paper towel bedding, clean it every other day, and start a regime of Baytril. I figured this time I knew for certain it was a Respiratory infection due to all the classic symptoms, so we did not do a bacterial culture.

It's my understanding that generally when someone is sick, the doctor gives you antibiotics. They prescribe you a full regiment of antibiotics, but you normally feel better after the first two treatments, right? Well..Both Argent and Adore have today had their full treatment plan of Baytril (one injection every 5 days), and they are both still wheezing, sneezing, and gaping mouths at me. They're both still eating.

I am going to take one or both in for a culture Wednesday, but I have no idea what could really be the problem here? They are on paper towels. They are at about 85-90 degrees. They have a small water bowl. They're eating. They've gotten their injections. I put electrolytes in their water as well. I cannot even figure out how they got sick to begin with. I have always kind of felt like Baytril would do the job. My vet is NOT a reptile specialist and he kind of goes with what I suggest that I've been told from reptile vets that i know in other states or friends with more experience, so I'm just wondering if anyone has any suggestions on what else I could possibly be doing to help or what I'm doing wrong. I just really don't want things to get worse and I just can't figure out why they aren't better at this point.

9-17-2010

Even though nobody has responded to this thread, I thought I would kind of update it for my own general purposes.

All three of the snakes again had bacterial and fungal cultures. All three of the bacterial cultures came back negative. The lab is taking SO long on the results of the fungal culture, I am tempted to do it myself and take it into my own lab and do my own diagnostics to see if I can find any results. I'm just trying to be patient.

If it's not fungal, that leaves only one other probability, and I really don't even want to think about it.

I am seriously at a loss as to what is going on with these snakes. On iHerp people suggested mold, nearby factories/exhaust, aspen stuck in a throat, etc etc...All of these are great ideas but none are applicable. I live in the middle of nowhere, and I had the house checked for mold pre-purchase. The only mold I can think of is maybe some Aspen in their cages got water on it from them going in and out of a water dish or something and tiny mold being on it that I just didn't see. But if that was the case I'd think everybody would be sick?

All of these snakes are kept on newspaper, are taken out of enclosure to be fed, and they were all kept without issues in the same room for over a year (With the exception of Sharra, about 8 months in starting to sneeze). What I can't figure out is how the first snake, Sharra, seemed to fluctuate in her condition so heavily, and had nothing to do with the other two snakes, and then suddenly the other two who also have nothing to do with each other, get sick simultaneously. There were no new additions, nothing in the environment changed, I'm anal retentive about hand washing. I just can't figure it out.

I have been a nervous, stressed wreck about all of this. All I can think about is that it could be something viral and it's only affecting my corn snakes. I have no idea where it even could have come from. This is all just so confusing. I know it's silly to stress until the results come back but it's been two weeks and so far, Sharra has gotten worse, Adore has gotten better, and Argent has gotten EXTREMELY worse. I'm just at a loss as to what to do and I feel so terrible and helpless about the whole situation. Basically all I'm doing at this point is bleaching their cages every 3-4 days, offering food once a week, and keeping them on heat on the other side of the house from the other snakes. I have also done another de-worming treatment with a mixture of medications from the vet.

I hate waiting.

9-20-2010

I have moved them to another room, on several layers of newspaper, in plastic cages with the colored vented tops, with a underbelly temp of 88-95 gradient.

9-21-2010

Originally Posted by hhmoore
"There are a couple of things that come to mind, one being lungworm. Have you had a fecal done? "

Thank you both for this suggestion. I will be speaking to my vet about this possibility, as well as a WBC test. Can you determine lungworm from a normal fecal test, or is there something special required? We actually did all of the snakes with a double treatment of fenbendazole and micanazole and one other dewormer in liquid form last friday. I wonder if it is a lung parasite, if that will do the trick? Or if it would show up in a fecal now that they've had a de-worming treatment? I wonder if this is the cause if they would require another de-worming treatment?

The fungal culture is still not back yet, and I've been told that it can take another 3+ weeks to get any results back. In the meantime, the male, Argent, is getting worse. The two females are staying about the same.

I sincerely hope it's fungal or parasitical in nature. I told the vet that the male had worsened and mentioned the treatment from Dr. Rossi's book concerning fungal pneumonias, and he agreed we should start it...

So I ordered a nebulizer, and as soon as it gets here, i'll be starting nebulizing treatment of Amphoceterin B on all of the snakes. I would rather do something than nothing, especially since Argent is getting worse.

Thanks both of you for your replies. I'll keep posting here.

9-27-2010

Wanted to do a small update.

The fungal cultures still are not back yet. The snakes have not gotten any better or any worse.

The vet tried getting phone consults with 2 other reptile vets and it's been 2 weeks and neither have returned his phone call.

I bought a nebulizer, the vet went ahead and gave me the prescription for Amphoceterin B, I had to special order it, and I did one nebulizing treatment of 1cc to 150cc saline on each snake today.

It was a nightmare and extremely frustrating but hopefully it will do some good.

9-29-2010

No, the fungal cultures did not come back, we opted to go ahead and initiate treatment because the cultures take 6+ weeks, apparently, and they were worsening.

However, after the first treatment, one of the snake's has worsened so much overnight, I'm not sure it's such a good idea anymore.

After Sharra, the oldest female, had the first breathing treatment of the Amphotericin B, the next day she literally had so much fluid buildup and was wheezing so badly I could see the fluid buildup in her throat and a little behind. I actually tried to sample some of it to take to the lab but she pushed it back down and i couldn't get it out.

I'm also not sure it's a good idea because I feel like the drug is making ME ill because of the constant required interference with the nebulizer.

And, my vet today pretty much told me he was giving up. Nobody will call him back for a consult.

So, I'm extremely depressed and have a migraine and have to figure out what I am going to do next.


10-08-2010

Small update:

Have been speaking with my dear, good friend Tom Harbin, DVM, since my vet here in Gainesville is at a loss and has pretty much given up. We came to this decision:

I stopped the nebulizer treatments on the three corn snakes because:
1) The medicine was making me sick.
2) The medicine was making Sharra almost keel over and die.
3) The fungal culture STILL has not returned and I believe the sample will prove inadequate so I will not continue to harm myself and the snakes with the treatment until I have something more definitive.

Tom Harbin suggested to me going back to the Baytril, so that's what I've been doing. Every 3 days, I have been injecting .10cc of Baytril into a small fuzzy mouse. They are all still eating with no problems. I've done this 4 times, and none of them are showing any improvement.

If and when the fungal culture comes back, if it's negative, perhaps I'll speak to the vet about combining the Baytril with another antibiotic and perhaps a steroid, and inject those into the fuzzy as well to see if that maybe helps? I am at a total loss here.

I've attempted to contact Dr. Elliot Jacobsen via e-mail and phone, but I don't know if he's just not getting my messages or if he's on vacation or something. Dr. Rossi still has not returned my vet's phone call, neither has Dr. Stahl.

Grr, Argh.

10-8-2010

Negative bacterial cultures - the fungal still has not come back.

We did do fecal samples on all 3 snakes - Results as follows:

Adore - Normal
Sharra - An egg of something that 3 vets at the clinic had no idea what it was/could not identify
Argent - Egg of same thing that Sharra had, as well as something apparently "mite-like" in the feces - My snakes don't have mites, so I have no idea what on earth this could be.

We got further fecal samples on Sharra and Argent and sent them off to another lab with a veterinary pathologist. Stilll awaiting results.

10-19-2010

Yesterday was week 6 on the fungal cultures and still no results.

They've had 6 treatments of .10cc injected fuzzy mice, no improvements.

The symptoms seem to literally be rotating between all of the snakes. It is the most bizzare thing I've ever seen -

Last week, Argent seemed like he was on death's door. I went in there, he was coiled in a ball, he had his head tilted at a weird angle with his mouth gaping open with drool coming out. I thought he was dead. I tapped on the cage and he was like "What, what? I'm awake". The same day, Adore, the youngest, seemed perfectly fine with a few minor sniffles here and there. No issues at all.

This week, it's completely opposite. Argent seems TOTALLY fine, except a few sniffles. Now Adore seems miserable and is wheezing/popping like crazy.

Sharra seems to fluctuate weekly as well. Some weeks I think she's better, then the next week it's back to popping/wheezing/sneezing...But she is no where NEAR as bad as she was the 2-3 days after the Amphotericin treatment.
 
Update:

I'm extremely upset and so frustrated I could scream.

Just found out the fungal culture results came back negative. They've had the results for 3 weeks but due to some fax machine malfunction and the vet hospital not following up with a phone call, they just sat on somebody's desk.

No idea what to do now, treatment wise.
 
We did do fecal samples on all 3 snakes - Results as follows:

Adore - Normal
Sharra - An egg of something that 3 vets at the clinic had no idea what it was/could not identify
Argent - Egg of same thing that Sharra had, as well as something apparently "mite-like" in the feces - My snakes don't have mites, so I have no idea what on earth this could be.
Just wish I could offer a more informed opinion, but this screams "parasite". It would explain why it seems to have transmitted between the snakes and also why it's cyclical (symptoms will ebb and flow, following the parasite's lifecycle).

Fingers crossed that the new veterinary pathologist can identify what's going on.
 
Just thought I'd update and say that I spoke with Kathy Love for a really long time yesterday at the Repticon show, and we discussed this problem. She gave me a few other ideas as far as possible cause, she doesn't seem to think it's viral, and she recommended I speak to Dr. Connie Hurley asap for any insight she can give.

It's also baffling to me and everyone else that they are still voraciously eating and seem happy and active even though they're sneezing, popping, and occasionally gaping. One of the thoughts Kathy had was that it may have something to do with long-term physical damage that may have occurred before I got them from someone using pine shavings or something...which would possibly be an explanation if they weren't all so different in age? She says she's seen snakes like this with these symptoms that seem fine and are eating, but it's just actual damage from improper bedding in the past.

The veterinary pathologist at UF is out of town for 2+ months. I am going to stick with my gut feeling that this is somehow parasitical in nature and I'm going to dose them all with fenbendazole for 4 weeks straight and maybe I'll get somewhere with that.
 
That screams parasites to me too. Does your vet have access to a network called VIN? It is a veterinary information network only accessible to vets. It is a place where vets can post questions to other vets and get responses. My vets use it all the time, sometimes can even find answers by searching.

This is a shot in the dark but if the baytril didn't work the first time then my vets would have tried something called Fortaz (ceftazadime). It is an injectable antibiotic that is given every 3 days for 10 treatments. Needs to be frozen after reconstituted and thawed completely before use, usually in separate vials for each injection. I don't know about it though because all the bacterial cultures came back negative but if you tried nebulizers then this would be at least worth a shot if your thinking euthanasia.

Also, how long of a treatment was done on the fenbendazole? How often? I've gotta check in our book at work tomorrow but there is a specific way snakes need to be treated with dewormers. This is due to a parasites life cycle in snakes. I will also check if flagyl can be used on snakes, I'll let you know on this as well. I'll also try to pick my vets brains if we are slow enough. I'm pretty sure that they will reccomend Fortaz though.

I hope some of this helps. It sounds like your vets need some extra help. I would have them also get a consult with some of the specialists available to them through where they send their lab work. We use Antech laboratories, some use Idexx laboratories. Also, I wouldn't expect a phone call back from vets that have not treated your snakes, it is very difficult to diagnose and give advise on an animal they haven't seen. I'll get back to you tomorrow.
 
It's too bad the fungal results sat for so long, but I know from working in a lab that it can take 4-6 wks to get those results back. Some fungus are extremely slow growing.

I hope you get to the bottom of this soon.
 
The veterinary pathologist at UF is out of town for 2+ months. I am going to stick with my gut feeling that this is somehow parasitical in nature and I'm going to dose them all with fenbendazole for 4 weeks straight and maybe I'll get somewhere with that.

I would be careful about treating that long on fenbendazole unless you are also using a probiotic. Fenbendazole can be harmful on the natural occuring bacteria if used long-term I believe. Let me check our books at work before you decide 100%. I will get back to you tomorrow.
 
When I first got my corn off a guy he had her in cedar/pine bedding and she was weezing and sneezing ... I changed it right away to aspen and now no weezing.. Every now and then ill here her sneezing but besides that she's perfectly heatly ,

Ii hope the best of luck for you and your snakes :)
 
First thing I noticed was the dosage of Baytril. For snakes, I believe it should be given daily, not every 3-5 days, at 5-10 mg/kg (for 7-21 days). Weigh your snakes and have the vet prepare a diluted volume (the diluent part of an intranasal Bordetella vaccine works well for the amount you need to treat a snake) to match the weight of each snake. Since you should medicate daily, putting the Baytril in a fuzzy should be avoided. Obtain a metal feeding tube with a round tip, 5-6 inches long for an adult corn snake, and administer the medication that way or you can get the rubber feeding tube kit from Dr. Hurley. I found the metal one easier to use as I have no handy help worth anything. Have water handy to use as a flush as well as to make sure the snakes are hydrated as that is necessary when using Baytril.

Since the problems occurred after your move to a new house, all the cultures have come back negative, they are all still eating, and the problem seems to come and go, they may actually be allergic to something in their new environment. It doesn't have to be the substrate in their cage either. It may be as simple as pollen from a houseplant or a plant outside. I know you would hate to experiment on your snakes, but since you have 3 and are grasping at straws at this point, you might want to try an anti-histamine. I can't find a dosage for snakes and my drug book is at work, but I have found a dose for dexamethasone, which is an anti-inflammatory and would work to treat allergies as well. It is dosed at 0.5-1.25 mg/kg IM as needed.
 
It's too bad the fungal results sat for so long, but I know from working in a lab that it can take 4-6 wks to get those results back. Some fungus are extremely slow growing.

I hope you get to the bottom of this soon.

Yes, I know it can take awhile to get a definite organism from culture.

Had I known how to do a lung washing, I could have taken it to work myself and done a cytology workup for fungus within 24 hours - but alas :(
 
I would be careful about treating that long on fenbendazole unless you are also using a probiotic. Fenbendazole can be harmful on the natural occuring bacteria if used long-term I believe. Let me check our books at work before you decide 100%. I will get back to you tomorrow.


The book i was reading (Understanding Reptile Parasites) recommended one treatment weekly for 3-4 weeks. It's the same concept for horses loaded with worms using Panacur - you do one treatment for 5 days.

I am using electrolytes in the water, I know that isn't the same, but is there something else I can add to the water to help with the dimishment of the good bacteria?
 
Since the problems occurred after your move to a new house, all the cultures have come back negative, they are all still eating, and the problem seems to come and go, they may actually be allergic to something in their new environment. It doesn't have to be the substrate in their cage either. It may be as simple as pollen from a houseplant or a plant outside. I know you would hate to experiment on your snakes, but since you have 3 and are grasping at straws at this point, you might want to try an anti-histamine. I can't find a dosage for snakes and my drug book is at work, but I have found a dose for dexamethasone, which is an anti-inflammatory and would work to treat allergies as well. It is dosed at 0.5-1.25 mg/kg IM as needed.

I have too considered using the dexamethasone as a "shot in the dark" in the future to see if this helps.

When I say that the problem comes and goes, I don't mean that the problems TOTALLY subside for a few days, and then come back..

I understand what you're saying about it being house-related..BUT...None of the other snakes have had a single problem. Not at all. I've got 100 other snakes in this house in the same room these guys used to be in. I use only newspaper/aspen bedding..there are no houseplants..I had the house checked for mold..They've been isolated in the upstairs room for 3 months now with newspaper and water changes every three days...

It was suggested to me to use a "single room" air purifier, but I haven't had the funds to try purchasing one yet. That is something else I may try.

You are right that that MAY be the explanation, I just find it SO hard to believe with so many other snakes that have no problems at all and have been here for 2 years now, you know? :(
 
The book i was reading (Understanding Reptile Parasites) recommended one treatment weekly for 3-4 weeks. It's the same concept for horses loaded with worms using Panacur - you do one treatment for 5 days.

I am using electrolytes in the water, I know that isn't the same, but is there something else I can add to the water to help with the dimishment of the good bacteria?

Yes, then weekly treatment sounds better. I was just making sure it wasn't a daily thing.

I am using Nutribac right now on a baby with a regurge problem. It is a powder and I roll her food in it before I feed her. I was putting it into her water but changing it every day so I don't know how easy that would be for you in 3 snakes. I was able to find it at a reptile store locally but I know Kathy Love sells it.
 
First thing I noticed was the dosage of Baytril. For snakes, I believe it should be given daily, not every 3-5 days, at 5-10 mg/kg (for 7-21 days). Weigh your snakes and have the vet prepare a diluted volume (the diluent part of an intranasal Bordetella vaccine works well for the amount you need to treat a snake) to match the weight of each snake. Since you should medicate daily, putting the Baytril in a fuzzy should be avoided. Obtain a metal feeding tube with a round tip, 5-6 inches long for an adult corn snake, and administer the medication that way or you can get the rubber feeding tube kit from Dr. Hurley. I found the metal one easier to use as I have no handy help worth anything. Have water handy to use as a flush as well as to make sure the snakes are hydrated as that is necessary when using Baytril.

I agree with Susan on this, first thing that came to my mind was doing baytril daily by inramuscular injection. Tubing the baytril is a new thing we are trying on reptiles at work so I don't know much about that.
 
Man, good luck. I don't know what vet you were seeing, but I really like my vet, Pat Gauvin, at All creatures in Gainesville. He _is_ a reptile vet and has been in practice 20 or 30 years, or something...I thankfully haven't had to bring him anything _really_ unusual, though.

My only experience at University of Florida made me feel like I was throwing money away. They kept calling Isabel, my bearded dragon, "the iguana." (I only went there because it was a holiday weekend and I was panicking). It _would_ be nice if you could get in touch with Jacobsen.
 
I'm confused...the problem started a few months after you moved into a new home, but that was 2 years ago? And in all that time, just the 3 snakes have the problem, your other 100 other snakes are fine. Allergies are not contagious and only those snakes will be affected. It just seems weird that the only symptoms are congestion and a stuffy head. You currently live in Trenton, Florida. Florida is the allergy capital of the world. Where did you live prior to that?

Hubby is awake now and I can go in and look at my reptile medicine books (my handy drug book is at work, but these are the big 2 volume medical books) to see if I can come up with something.
 
I'm confused...the problem started a few months after you moved into a new home, but that was 2 years ago? And in all that time, just the 3 snakes have the problem, your other 100 other snakes are fine. Allergies are not contagious and only those snakes will be affected. It just seems weird that the only symptoms are congestion and a stuffy head. You currently live in Trenton, Florida. Florida is the allergy capital of the world. Where did you live prior to that?

Hubby is awake now and I can go in and look at my reptile medicine books (my handy drug book is at work, but these are the big 2 volume medical books) to see if I can come up with something.

Sorry, that was my mistake. The original problem started I guess in January of this year. So that's more than a few months. LOL. My bad.

I and all the snakes have lived in Florida forever. :)
 
I'm confused...the problem started a few months after you moved into a new home, but that was 2 years ago? And in all that time, just the 3 snakes have the problem, your other 100 other snakes are fine. Allergies are not contagious and only those snakes will be affected. It just seems weird that the only symptoms are congestion and a stuffy head. You currently live in Trenton, Florida. Florida is the allergy capital of the world. Where did you live prior to that?

Hubby is awake now and I can go in and look at my reptile medicine books (my handy drug book is at work, but these are the big 2 volume medical books) to see if I can come up with something.

Susan, I just pulled my receipts and records. I moved in to the new house Feb 28 of 2009. Sharra, the oldest female, got sick in February of 2010. So it had been a full year. The other two did not get sick until approximately July-August.

And yes, I've got 100 other snakes that were all living in the same room that are all perfectly healthy and fine with no issues whatsoever - Sharra was moved to another room after she got sick, and then the other 2 were moved to the same room she was in after they got sick. They're on a completely different floor than the other snakes.

Oh and all of us have always lived in FL, to my knowledge. :)
 
Ok so getting back to you on doses. Fenbendazole is to be given at 25mg/kg by mouth or intracoacally every 7 days for a maximum of 4 treatments. At least this is what our exotic animal drug book says. Good luck on you babies. I would maybe try to get some fortaz though, it couldn't hurt.

Hope this helps and doesn't just make things more complicated.
 
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