From what I can gather
it seems at the end of the last ice age,
the climate changed.
Some places where there were mountians surrounded by grasslands changed into deserts; many species of plants could not adapt to the drier weather, and the grasslands turned into deserts or areas with not enough moisture/rainfall to support the plants which produced food for snakes to feed on. A little higher in elevation, there was more moisture and slightly cooler temperatures. So these species moved up the mountians, and became isolated populations of species which once covered vast areas of the surface. These isolated populations then had no new genetics coming into them, Over the following 10,000 years to the present day, they have been inbreeding with one another for however many generations that is now.
Are they species, subspecies, or strains?
Species
Almost all domestic pet rats and lab rats belong to a single species, the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). A tiny number of black rats (Rattus rattus) are also kept as pets, but as yet they are extremely rare in the pet trade.
The classic definition of a species is a group of related individuals or populations which are potentially capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
http://www.ratbehavior.org/RatSpecies.htm
Strains of mice and rats:
Isogenic strains
Isogenic strains include inbred strains produced by many generations of brother x sister mating, and the F1 (first generation) offspring of a cross between two inbred strains. They are like immortal clones of genetically identical individuals. The same genotype can be reproduced indefinitely, though over a period of time there may be some genetic drift due to the accumulation of new mutations. Such genetic drift is much slower than that seen in outbred stocks. Even this can be virtually eliminated using frozen embryo banks. A single individual can be genotyped at any locus, and this will serve to genotype all animals of that strain (because all are identical) so that a genetic profile can be developed for each strain. Inbred strains (but not F1 hybrids) are homozygous at all genetic loci, so will breed true, with no "hidden" recessive genes segregating within the population which may confuse experimental results. Genetic homogeneity leads to phenotypic uniformity, which means that smaller numbers of animals are needed to achieve a given level of statistical precision.
http://isogenic.info/html/5__species___strain.html#mice
What is a "Locality Type"?
With the exception of land-locked inbred isolated populations of some of the colubrids, the term itself seems incorrect. If a population of Corns all look like Okeetees, for instance, in a specific area, are they really unique, or is that merely the way the variables have made them look in that area? We humans like to look at patterns and when the pattern is crisply defined, then we call it a "Locality Type". So what if these "Locality Types" are merely the integrations of a variety of colors and patterns all spread across a much larger geographical region. Just because their colors and patterns look to us like well thought out with organized pattern & color, we can then compartmentalize them into being something more specific, or less random. Nevermind what is passed off as a "reverse Okeetee", which may or may not have any true Okeetee Locality Type blood/genes in it at all.
And then there's the Box Turtles in the panhandle of Florida, where a mess of "recognized" subspecies overlap, a wild pandora's box of variability.
Are they any different under the skin? Most of this thread seems to be concerned with colors. Please put on your blindfolds while we pass the snakes around the room and you'll be asked which are hybrids. Later, we'll humanely and surgically remove the skin-deep colors (Elves in our lab make them clear) and you'll be asked again which are hybrids.
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Model Organism (Also called Animal Model)
A creature, like the mouse or the fruit fly, used in the laboratory to study biology. Many genes in humans are found in other species, and biologists study model organisms to learn about how these genes might operate in the human body.
http://alifedecoded.org/genetics101/
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you clearly don't understand our stance at all.
~Doug
I understand your stance, their stance, that other guy's stance, my galpal's stance, and hope to understand the stance dance well enough to dance it to my own tune as well one day. I can only hope we are all able to understand each other's stance. In this instance. So many stances. Are these stances species, locality types, strains, chimeras, paradoxes, hybrids; or new stance types not sufficiently scientifically probed yet to assume conclusive reporting & publishing regarding their unique individual attributes. So many stances, so little time.
Nobody pays more for more impurities in a natural diamond (unless its a rare color variety).
~Doug
Just like snakes then.
I think taking a semen sample from a snake would actually be much less perverse than taping their cloacas shut, tricking them with shed skins, and swapping them around at the last second tricking them into "thinking" they are actually breeding with the right type of snake. After all, when a person tricks them into doing something that he/she is totally controlling, that seems to be part of the huge allure of doing it anyway.
It's the .......... "hey!, look what I made them do!!.....see!, it CAN be done!!.....WOO-HOOO!!!!" :dancer:
yeah, .........(cough) um.....wow!
~Doug
So in instances where obsoleta & quadrivatta have been kept by breeders,
and an accidental toppling of a rack of snakes happens due to a cat interfereing, and a breeding takes place between the two without any human interaction causing the coupling yet living offXspring happen, are these really species, subspecies, or something more closely related?
If I take a pair of wild snakes into my home and breed them, are the offspring natural, or cultural? Because I have chosen to let them breed, they are a product of culture, not nature. Sure, I can construct a playpen for them and load it up with plants from the nursery and pick out a few real pieces of wood from nature and set back and tell myself how natural it looks, but it is all man-made. Taking 2 snakes from the wild and breeding them is not preserving nature.
The only way to really preserve nature is to find a fluffy cuddly keystone species which shares a vast habitat, the kind of cute critter popularized in Disney movies, and then exploiting the public high opinion of that animal to create a preserve. Many hundreds of other species of plants and animals which share the natural habitat also receive some protection from the likes of us taking more of their kind from said geolocation. I will not lie to myself. My snakes were ither born in captivity, or collected from places slated to be bulldozed in the name of progress. They are all pure snakes. But the last 2 links in this post may infer otherwise.
What I mean is in nature there are no natural intergrades of Balls, or AFTs.
So do you mean that the 3 Ball Python "locality types" are different looking inbred populations, which are isolated from one another in their natural environment,
at this time on our ever changing 4 billion year old planet Earth?
http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=U...d=117941249246820370109.00045ceb937282ee46570
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Also, I've been looking at rodent genetics lately.
This site is of great interest:
http://dartmouse.org/FAQs.html
http://lifesci.rutgers.edu/~mcguire...ure Supplements/Strains/Strain Definition.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenic
http://www.research.uci.edu/tmf/breeding.htm#breed
And finally, this is rather mind blowing:
"Genes in humans found in other"...
http://www.google.com/#hl=en&sugexp...3&xhr=t&q="genes+in+humans+are+found+in"&fp=1
Or for a deeper look, Synteny: Genes occurring in the same order on chromosomes of different species.
http://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF.../www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/
and
http://alifedecoded.org/genetics101/
Today I learned that humans and fruit flies are hybrids.